The Autumn of the Middle Ages is Johan Huizinga's classic portrait of life, thought, and art in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century France and the Netherlands. Few who have read this book in English realized that The Waning of the Middle Ages, the only previous translation, is vastly different from the original Dutch, which softened Huizinga's passionate arguments, dulled his nuances, and eliminated theoretical passages. This book corrects such derrors, recreated the second Dutch edition which represents Huizinga's thinking at its most important stage.