This volume celebrates the 500th anniversary of Philip Melanchton's birth by highlighting one of his most important contributions to the intellectual world of Renaissance and Reformation: commentary on ancient texts. This book brings together essays by recognized connoiseurs of Melanchton's thought and also by experts on other figures and movements within the Renaissance and Reformation, in order to provide a more accurate measure of the man and his distinction from and influence on other thinkers of his day. It also investigates not only Melanchton's wrestling with biblical texts but also his equally signifigant exposition of other prominent ancient authors.